Strafing aircraft, exploding ordnance, and burning ships caused penetrating injuries, simple and compound fractures, traumatic amputations, blast injuries, and horrific burns, to name just a few. In America's first major encounter at Pearl Harbor, the survivors of the Japanese attack could describe what modern warfare really meant. In every theater of war, small arms, land-and sea-based artillery, torpedoes, and armor-piercing and antipersonnel bombs took a terrible toll in human life. The use of machine guns, submarines, airplanes, and tanks was widespread in World War I but in World War II these weapons reached unimagined perfection as killing machines. What transpired between 19 was a cataclysmic event made worse by the nature of the weapons the combatants used. The purpose of military medicine during World War II was the same as in previous wars: to conserve the strength and efficiency of the fighting forces so as to keep as many men at as many guns for as many days as possible.
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